前言:
一边为荧幕CP的双向奔赴疯狂心动,一边对1现实中的约会邀约果断拒绝。
这届Z世代,正在集体上演一场轰轰烈烈的“戒恋运动”。
不纠结柴米油盐的琐碎,不内耗人际关系的拉扯,只专注磕CP的纯粹快乐。
年轻人的情感选择,早已颠覆传统模样。
CSE的全称是China's Standard of
English,即“中国英语能力等级量表”,是教育部推出的专门针对中国英语学习者的能力评价标准,共分九级。
比如:
CSE五级对应雅思总成绩5.5分
CSE六级对应雅思总成绩6分,
CSE七级对应雅思总成绩7分,以此类推。
一、CSE9 官方定义
CSE = China’s Standards of English Language Ability(中国英语能力等级量表),是教育部发布的国家级英语能力标准,分1-9级:
- 1-3级:基础阶段(初级)
- 4-6级:提高阶段(中级,对应四六级核心区间)
- 7-9级:熟练阶段(高级)
- CSE9:最高级,英语精通水平
二、CSE9 能力标准(通俗版)
✅ 能精准理解各类复杂专业、跨领域、深奥英文材料(外刊、哲学/学术文本、专业文献全覆盖)
✅ 能纯自如、零障碍完成全场景英语沟通,表达地道精准、自带语言风格
✅ 听/说/读/写/译全维度达到母语级应用能力
三、对标国际考试
- 雅思8.5-9分 ≈ CSE9
- 托福115+ ≈ CSE9
外刊:友邻优课
难度:CSE9
The Reason Gen Z Isn't Dating
By Christine Emba
At least incels cared about getting with the opposite sex.
The mostly male, mostly heterosexual looksmaxxers seem to have dispensed with relationships entirely.
In their focus on the self and detachment from real experiences, looksmaxxers intensify the Gen Z approach to romance — or the lack thereof.
This generation came of age as the social environment fractured and courtship norms broke down — an environment that made sex scary and unappealing, dating hard to parse and substitutes for intimacy readily available.
Covid-enforced social isolation in their formative years made practicing real-world relationship skills nearly impossible, and the rise of dating apps made sure that Gen Z-ers continued to view all romantic possibilities through the filter of the smartphone screen, even if they might have preferred otherwise.
Parents played a role, too, pushing their children to prioritize education and achievement while neglecting to advise on love.
And online, where they spent an ever-increasing share of their time, rage-bait relationship content and polarized dating "advice" filled the gap.
Multiple studies show that young people aren't dating, having sex or forming partnerships.
Less than forty percent believed themselves to be attractive to potential partners or felt comfortable discussing their feelings with them.
For younger adults, romance has turned into something to be debated, theorized and optimized for but not actually engaged in.
As Gen Z retreats into itself while pretending to focus on the other, the delta between the sexes grows wider.
外刊精读
The Reason Gen Z Isn't Dating
Z世代年轻人不谈恋爱的原因所在
By Christine Emba
The Reason Gen Z Isn't Dating
原因 Z世代 不 约会
注释:
Gen Z
abbr. Z 世代,后浪(Generation Z)
Gen Z(Z世代)国内主流口径:1995—2009年出生,和我们常说的95后、00后基本重合。
不同机构常用划分(无全球唯一标准)
- 联合国:1995—2010年
- 皮尤研究中心:1997—2012年
- 麦肯锡:1996—2010年
简单代际对照
- 千禧一代(Millennials):1981—1994年
- Z世代(Gen Z):1995—2009年(国内最通用)
- α世代(Gen Alpha):2010年后出生
Z世代也叫数字原住民、网生代,是从小伴随互联网、智能手机长大的一代。
Dating 英 [deɪt]
v.(带有浪漫意图的)约会
hang out 常指朋友之间出去玩
At least incels cared about getting with the opposite sex.
至少,非自愿独身者还在意与异性有些往来。
注释:
At least 美 [æt liːst]至少
incel(involuntary celibate的缩写)
英 [ˈɪnsel] n. 非自愿独身者
celibate n. 独身主义者(最初指因为宗教信仰自愿选择禁欲、不结婚的神职人员,后来用法扩展到了世俗领域)
involuntary celibate (非自愿独身者) 起源于90年代一个互助社区,初衷是给那些因为各种原因难以建立亲密关系的人,创造一个友善的交流空间;后来在网络亚文化的发酵下,incels逐渐演变成了一个带有厌女倾向的极端群体。
cared about 关心
get with somebody
追求某人;与某人在一起
the opposite sex
异性:与自己性别不同的人。
opposite 英 [ˈɒpəzɪt; ˈɒpəsɪt]
adj. 相反的;对面的;对立的
n. 对立面;反义词
prep. 在…的对面
adv. 在对面
The mostly male, mostly heterosexual looksmaxxers seem to have dispensed with relationships entirely.
这些以男性为主、大多为异性恋的“颜值卷王”似乎已完全摒弃了恋爱关系。
注释:
mostly 英 [ˈməʊstli]
adv. 主要地;通常;多半地
male 英 [meɪl]
adj. 男性的;雄性的;有力的
n. 男人;雄性动物
heterosexual 英 [hetərəˈsekʃuəl]
adj. 异性恋的
前缀hetero表示“相异的,相反的”
heterodox adj. 异端的,非正统的
looksmaxxer 英 [ˈlʊksˌmæksə]
n. 把外貌最大化、把变美当作头等大事的人
dispense with something
免除,省去,不再需要某物(to get rid of something)
relationships 美 [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp]
n. 人际关系;生物间的关系;情侣关系(relationship的复数)
entirely 英 [ɪnˈtaɪəli]
adv. 完全地,彻底地
In their focus on the self and detachment fromreal experiences, looksmaxxers intensify the Gen Z approach to romance — or the lack thereof.
他们专注于自我,从真实体验中抽离,因而强化了Z世代对待恋爱的方式——或者说,对恋爱的漠视。
注释:
focus on the self
聚焦于自我,关注自我
detachment from something
与某事分离、抽离
detach v. 使分离
experiences
n. 经历(experience的复数)
v. 经历;体验到(experience的三单形式)
intensify 英 [ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ]
v. 加剧;强化
intensify the conflict 加剧冲突
intensify the heat 让热度升高
approach 英 [əˈprəʊtʃ]
v. 走进;与……接洽;处理;临近,
n. 方法,方式;接近;接洽;
romance 英 [rəʊˈmæns]
n. 浪漫;恋爱关系
thereof 英 [ˌðeərˈɒv]
adv. 指代前面刚提到的事物(of that)
This generation came of age as the social environment fractured and courtship norms broke down — an environment that made sex scary and unappealing, dating hard to parse and substitutes for intimacy readily available.
这一代人成长的时期,正是社会环境不再和谐、恋爱规则瓦解的时候——这种环境让性变得可怕且无趣,让约会变得难以捉摸,而亲密关系的替代品却唾手可得。
This generation came of age as the
一代人 成长时期
social environment fractured and
社会 环境 不和谐
courtshipnorms broke down
恋爱 规则 打破,折断
— an environment that made
环境 让
sex scary and unappealing, dating
性 可怕的 无趣的 约会
hard to parse and substitutes
难以捉摸 替代品
for intimacy readily available.
亲密关系 随手可得的
注释:
generation
n. 一代;产生;一代人;生殖
come of age
达到法定年龄;(某种现象、技术或文化)发展到成熟、有了足够影响力的时刻
The internet came of age in the 1990s.
互联网在90年代走向成熟。
environment 英 [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]
n. 环境,外界
fracture 英 [ˈfræktʃə]
n. 骨折;v. 分裂,撕裂
courtship 英 [ˈkɔːtʃɪp]
n. 求爱;恋爱
courtship norms 约定俗成的"求爱规则"
scary 英 [ˈskeəri]
adj. (事物)可怕的;恐怖的;吓人的;(人)提心吊胆的;引起惊慌的;胆小的
unappealing 英 [ʌnəˈpiːlɪŋ]
adj. 没有吸引力的,让人提不起兴趣的(not attractive)
parse 英 [pɑːs]v. 拆解,分析,找逻辑
hard to parse 难以捉摸
substitutes 美 ['sʌbstə,tjʊt]
n. 替代品;替补(substitute的复数)
v. 用…代替;由…接替(substitute的第三人称单数形式)
intimacy 英 [ˈɪntɪməsi]
n. 性行为;亲密;亲昵行为;隐私
readily available
容易获得的,随手可得的(easy to get)
Covid-enforced social isolation in their formative years made practicing real-world relationship skills nearly impossible, and the rise of dating apps made sure that Gen Z-ers continued to view all romantic possibilities through the filter of the smartphone screen, even if they might have preferred otherwise.
新冠疫情导致的社交隔离发生在他们的性格形成期,这使得他们几乎不可能练习现实生活中的人际交往技能;而约会软件的兴起让Z世代可以继续通过智能手机屏幕的滤镜来打量所有的恋爱可能性,哪怕他们心里对此兴趣不多。
Covid-enforced social isolation in their
新冠疫情 强制执行 社交 隔离
formative years made practicing
性格形成期 练习,训练
real-world relationship skills nearly
现实生活的 关系 关联 技能
impossible, and the rise of dating apps
不可能的 兴起 约会 软件
made sure that Gen Z-ers continued to
确保 Z世代 继续
view all romantic possibilities through
观察 恋爱 可能性
the filter of the smartphone screen,
过滤器 滤镜 智能手机 屏幕
even if they might have preferred
即使, 偏爱
otherwise.
以另外的方式
注释:
Covid-
abbr. 冠状病毒 (Corona Virus Disease)
enforced 英 [ɪnˈfɔːst]
adj. 实施的;强制执行的
v. 执行(enforce的过去分词)
isolation 英 [ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn]
n. 隔离;孤立;[电] 绝缘;[化学] 离析
formative years 性格形成期(the period when someone's character develops)
practicing英 ['præktɪsɪŋ]
adj. 在工作的,开业的
v. 练习,训练;经常做,遵循;从事,
real-world relationship skills
现实世界的人际关系技巧
the rise of dating apps
约会软件的兴起
made sure 确保
the filter of the smartphone screen
智能手机屏幕的滤镜
even if 即使
they might have preferred otherwise.
他们可能更喜欢其他方式
otherwise
adv. 以另外的方式(in a different way)
Parents played a role, too, pushing their children to prioritize education and achievement while neglecting to advise on love. And online, where they spent an ever-increasing share of their time, rage-bait relationship content and polarized dating“advice”filled the gap.
父母也难辞其咎,他们督促孩子将学业和成就放在首位,却忽略了给予关于爱情的指导。随着孩子日益将大量时间投入网络世界,那些煽动愤怒的情感内容和两极分化的约会“攻略”填补了这一空白。
Parents played a role, too,
产生影响
pushing their children to prioritize
催促 他们的孩子 优先处理
education and achievement
学业 和 成就
while neglecting to advise on love.
却 忽略了 忠告 对爱情的
And online, where they spent an ever-
在网上 投入
increasing share of their time,
越来越多的 分享 他们的时间
rage-bait relationship content and
愤怒诱饵 情感 内容
polarized dating“advice”filled the gap.
两极分化 约会 攻略 填补空白
注释:
play a role
扮演角色;起作用,产生影响
Luck plays a role in success, but hard work matters more.
运气对成功的确有影响,但努力更为重要。
push sb to do something
催促某人做某事
prioritize 英 [praɪˈɒrətaɪz]
v. 优先处理
You must learn to prioritize your tasks.
你必须学会对你的任务进行优先排序。
education and achievement
教育与成就
while neglecting to advise on love
却忽略了对爱情的忠告
neglecting 美 [nɪˈɡlektɪŋ]
疏忽 被忽视的 忽视 疏于照管
online 英 [ˌɒnˈlaɪn]
adj. 联机的;在线的
adv. 在线地
ever-increasing 英 ['evə in'kri:siŋ]
adj. 不断增长的
share 英 [ʃeə(r)]
v. 分享,共用;分配;有同样的感情(或经历);分担
n. 份,份额;股份;责任,贡献
n. (Share) (美)沙雷(人名)
And online, where they spent an ever-increasing share of their time,
在网上,他们花费越来越多的时间,
share of their time分享他们的时间
rage-bait 英 [ˈreɪdʒ beɪt]
n. 愤怒诱饵(指为了获取流量,故意制造对立、煽动情绪的内容)
content 英 [ˈkɒntent; kənˈtent]
n. 内容,目录;满足;容量
adj. 满意的
vt. 使满意
polarized 英 [ˈpəʊləraɪzd]
adj. 两极分化的
rage-bait relationship content and polarized dating
以愤怒为诱饵的情感内容和两极分化的约会
fill the gap
弥补空缺,填补空白
I can fill the gap — I’ve got some design experience.
我可以补这个缺,我有点设计经验
Multiple studies show that young people aren't dating, having sex or forming partnerships. Less than 40 percent believed themselves to be attractive to potential partners or felt comfortable discussing their feelings with them.
多项研究表明,年轻人不再约会、不再发生性关系,也不再建立伴侣关系。不到40%的人认为自己对潜在伴侣有吸引力,或是能在对方面前坦然交流自己的感受。
Multiple studies show that young
多项 研究 表明
people aren't dating, having sex or
约会 发生性关系
forming partnerships. Less than 40
形成合作关系 少于;不到
percent believed themselves to be
百分之
attractive to potential partners or felt
吸引力 对 潜在 伴侣的 感到
comfortable discussing their feelings
自在、舒服 论述,交流 感受
with them.
注释:
Multiple 英 [ˈmʌltɪpl]
adj. 多重的;多样的;许多的
n. 倍数;[电] 并联
studies
n. 研究;学习;学业(study的复数)
v. 学习(study的第三人称单数形式)
partnerships 美 ['pɑrtnɚ,ʃɪp]
n. 伙伴关系;合伙(partnership的复数)
attractive 英 [əˈtræktɪv]
adj. 吸引人的;有魅力的;引人注目的
potential 英 [pəˈtenʃl]
adj. 潜在的,可能的;势的
n. 潜能,可能性;电势
attractive to potential partners
对潜在伴侣的吸引力
feel comfortable doing something
做某事感到自在、舒服
Many people don't feel comfortable asking for help even when they need it.
许多人即使在需要的时候也不愿意寻求帮助。
discussing 英 [dɪ'skʌsɪŋ]
论述
feelings
n. [生理] 感觉;[心理] 情感;意见(feeling的复数)
For younger adults, romance has turned into something to be debated, theorized and optimized for but not actually engaged in. As Gen Z retreats into itself while pretending to focus on the other, the delta between the sexes grows wider.
对于年轻一代来说,恋爱已然变成了一种用来探讨、进行理论阐释并加以优化的话题,而不是真正去体验的事情。当Z世代一边退缩到自己的世界里,一边假装关注他人时,两性之间的鸿沟正日益扩大。
For younger adults, romance has
对于 年轻的 成年人 恋爱
turned into something to be debated,
变成;进入 探讨
theorized and optimized for but not
形成理论 加以优化
actually engaged in. As Gen Z
实际上 参与、投入
retreats into itself while pretending to
退入,躲进...... 假装
focus on the other, the delta between
关注 对方 鸿沟
the sexes grows wider.
两性 生长广泛 (日益扩大)
注释:
adults 英 [ˈædʌlts]
n. 成年人(adult的复数形式)
For younger adults
对于年轻人来说
debated 美 [dɪˈbeɪtɪd]
v. 争论(debate的过去式及过去分词形式);辩论
theorize 英 [ˈθɪəraɪz]
v. 形成理论,理论化
optimize for...
为……进行优化
optimize for the algorithm 为算法优化内容
engage in something
参与、投入某事
engage in a conversation 沉浸到对话中
retreat into something
退入,躲进......
retreat into silence 陷入沉默
retreat into one's shell 缩回自己的壳里
pretending 美 [prɪˈtendɪŋ]
v. 假装;伪装(pretend的现在分词)
adj. 伪称的;乔饰的
focus on the other 专注于另一方
delta 英 [ˈdeltə]
n. (本文)鸿沟,差距;差值,变化量(Δ)
sexes 美 [ˈseksɪz]
n. 两性(sex的复数)
v. 确定性别;使具性吸引力(sex的三单形式)