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外刊精读 | 婚恋市场的性别双标 | 经济学人

  • 2026-02-15 14:37:13
外刊精读 | 婚恋市场的性别双标 | 经济学人

有幸在2026开年看过原贴,性转,本身就是一种艺术。同样的掌纹,在男方掌心叫温厚,在女方掌心便成了操持的宿命。用镜子对准镜子,生活是有趣。

双语正文

What’s a good man worth in China’s marriage market?

A viral social-media post reveals uncomfortable realities

向左滑动显示翻译

中国婚恋市场里的"好男人"值多少钱?

一则网络热帖揭示令人不安的现实

J

EARLIER THIS month, when Yun Chichi posted on Xiaohongshu, a social-media app, about an eligible bachelor looking to marry, she listed his many good qualities. The man had a car and a steady job in a hospital. His parents were taken care of with good retirement funds. He didn’t smoke or drink, could cook and was mild-mannered. He was a total catch. Theoretically, if she wanted this man to marry into her family (an unusual arrangement), how much should she pay for him on the marriage market in China, she asked?

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本月初,用户云吃吃在小红书上发帖,为一位条件优越的单身男士征婚,罗列了他诸多优点:有车,在医院有稳定工作,父母养老金充足无需赡养,不抽烟不喝酒,擅长烹饪且性情温和,简直是理想伴侣。她假设性地提问:如果想让这样一位男士入赘(这种婚嫁形式并不常见),在中国婚恋市场上需要支付多少彩礼?

J

The real catch was that she was actually describing herself. But before she revealed as much, responses to the viral post flooded in. They said the suitor would be worth many millions of yuan or suitable for a hospital director’s daughter. Once the truth came out her post was quickly deleted. It laid bare an uncomfortable reality: the qualities that made the mystery man a marvel are expected of women.

向左滑动显示翻译

真正耐人寻味的是,她描述的实则是自己。在揭晓谜底前,这则病毒式传播的帖子已涌来大量回复。有人认为这位求婚者价值数百万元,或配得上医院院长的女儿。真相大白后,帖子很快被删除,却揭开了一个令人不安的现实:那些让神秘男士显得出类拔萃的品质,放在女性身上却被视为理所应当。

J

Throughout Chinese history love has been transactional. Traditionally, matchmakers would consider family status, wealth and mores. In some rural areas “bride prices” are still paid to this day. But after Mao died in 1976, Chinese people became increasingly free to choose the person they wanted to spend their life with. By 2001 less than 12% of people were willing to marry someone they didn’t love, according to local research by Liu Wenrong of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences. But romance is increasingly forgotten in the face of more practical considerations. Today, 25% of men and 23.6% of women in Shanghai say they are happy to marry someone they don’t love.

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纵观中国历史,婚姻向来带有交易属性。传统婚配讲究门当户对、财富相当、礼俗相合,部分农村地区至今仍保留"彩礼"习俗。1976年主席逝世后,中国人选择人生伴侣的自由度逐渐提升。上海社会科学院刘文荣的研究显示,截至2001年,仅有不到12%的人愿意与不爱的人结婚。然而面对现实考量,浪漫情怀正日渐式微。如今在上海,25%的男性和23.6%的女性表示可以接受无爱婚姻。

J

China’s economic slowdown may explain some of the shift. Having a degree no longer guarantees a good job, and as of November the youth unemployment rate was 16.9%. Many families expect a groom to own a home, so economic woes hurt the marriage prospects of many. In such an environment nervous youngsters tread carefully. In Shanghai about half of young unmarried women say they wouldn’t tie the knot with someone unless their parents approved of their choice.

向左滑动显示翻译

经济增速放缓或是转变的原因之一。学历不再等同于好工作,去年11月青年失业率达16.9%。许多家庭要求男方婚前购房,经济困境由此拖累了不少人的婚姻前景。在这样的环境中,焦虑的年轻人步履谨慎。上海约半数未婚女性表示,若父母反对则不会结婚。

J

Many avoid the social and financial pressures of the marriage market altogether. In the first quarter of 2025 only 1.8m couples registered to get married, a year-on-year decrease of approximately 8.1%. Among those aged 25-29, the unmarried rate is over 50%.

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越来越多人选择彻底逃离婚恋市场的社会与财务压力。2025年第一季度全国结婚登记仅180万对,同比下降约8.1%。25-29岁人群未婚率已超50%。

J

This worries the government as almost all children in China are born in wedlock. On January 19th it said that the birth rate was at levels not seen since 1949: 5.63 per 1,000 people (the death rate is 8.04 per 1,000 people). Officials want celebration, not lamentation.

向左滑动显示翻译

这种现象令政府忧心。中国绝大多数新生儿都出生在婚姻关系中。1月19日官方数据显示,人口出生率已跌至1949年以来最低水平:每千人5.63(死亡率每千人8.04)。当局期待的是婚庆喜宴,而非哀叹悲鸣。

J

背景知识解析

1. 婚姻市场的交易性与指标化

历史沿革:中国传统的婚姻从不是单纯的个人结合,而是合两姓之好的家族事务。门当户对是核心原则,彩礼和嫁妆是经济契约。到了现代,自由恋爱成为主流,但婚姻匹配中对学历、经济条件、家庭背景等的考量依然普遍,本质上是传统门当户对思维在当代社会的延续和演变,只是不再完全由家族主导,而是加入了个人自主选择的成分。

2. 性别角色和双标的矛盾

传统父权社会中男主外、女主内的分工模式,直接塑造了人们对男性需具备经济养家能力的期待,有车、稳定工作、父母无负担等标准,是这一角色期待在当代的体现。而内卷压力则抬高了这些经济门槛。与之相对的是,女性的优质条件呈现出明显的双标,一旦女性自身拥有高学历、高收入等特质,又容易被贴上“强势”“有压力”的标签,传统观念里对女性年轻、貌美、擅长持家的期待,仍在潜移默化中主导着部分评价体系,这种不对等的价值评判,可能也是性别矛盾的核心。

3. 经济压力

经济增长放缓、青年失业率高企叠加大城市高房价,拉高了成家立业的经济门槛,婚姻和生育所需的住房、育儿、教育等成本,让很多年轻人感到力不从心。而结婚率、生育率的走低,一部分人是因经济压力被迫推迟或放弃婚恋,另一部分人则是将不结婚当作挣脱传统家庭责任捆绑的一种自主选择。

高频词汇解析

1. worth

讲解:指“价值”,可以是物质价值,也可以是抽象价值。

例句:

What do you think a vintage car like this is worth on the current market?

你认为这样一辆老爷车在当今市场上值多少钱?

The experience of traveling alone was worth far more than any money.

独自旅行的经历比任何金钱都更有价值。

2. eligible

讲解:常指“符合条件、有资格的、理想的(尤指作为结婚对象)”。强调符合某种标准或要求。

例句:

He was considered the most eligible bachelor in the city after his promotion.

升职后,他被认为是城里最理想的单身汉。

Are you eligible to apply for this scholarship?

你有资格申请这项奖学金吗?

3. retirement funds

讲解:养老金储备。这在语境下非常重要,意味着父母有经济保障,不会成为新婚夫妻的负担。

例句:

They have substantial retirement funds, so they don't need financial support from their children.

他们有充足的养老金,因此不需要子女的经济支持。

It's wise to start contributing to your retirement funds early.

尽早开始为你的养老基金缴款是明智之举。

4. mild-mannered

讲解:性格温和的,好脾气的。

例句:

Despite being a powerful CEO, he is surprisingly mild-mannered and approachable.

尽管是位有权势的首席执行官,他却出奇地性格温和,平易近人。

She preferred mild-mannered partners who valued communication over arguments.

她更喜欢脾气温和、重视沟通而非争吵的伴侣。

5. a total catch

讲解:一个非常棒、理想的伴侣(通常用于非正式场合)。指一个在婚恋市场上极具吸引力的猎物或收获。

例句:

With her intelligence, kindness, and great job, everyone agreed she was a total catch.

她聪明、善良、工作又好,大家都认为她是个绝佳的结婚对象。

My friends keep telling me he's a total catch, so I should ask him out.

我朋友一直说他是个完美人选,所以我应该约他出去。

6. the real catch

讲解:真正的关键所在。这里用了双关(pun),延续了“catch”的比喻,又表示“事情的真正要点或反转”。

例句:

The plan sounds good, but the real catch is that it requires a huge upfront investment.

这个计划听起来不错,但真正的关键在于它需要巨额的前期投资。

The joke seems simple, but the real catch is in the final punchline.

这个笑话看似简单,但真正的妙处在最后的包袱里。

7. responses flood(ed) in

讲解:回复如潮水般涌来。生动地形容收到大量、快速的回复。

例句:

After the charity appeal was broadcast, donations flooded in from all over the country.

慈善呼吁播出后,捐款从全国各地蜂拥而至。

As soon as we opened the online registration, applications flooded in.

我们一开放网上注册,申请蜂拥而至。

8. lay bare

讲解:揭露,暴露,使……赤裸裸地展现。语气较强,常指揭露了隐藏的、令人不安的事实。

例句:

The documentary lays bare the harsh realities of life in the mining town.

这部纪录片揭露了矿业小镇生活的严酷现实。

His sudden resignation laid bare the deep conflicts within the company's leadership.

他的突然辞职暴露了公司领导层内部的深刻矛盾。

9. marvel

讲解:令人惊叹的人或事物。

例句:

The Great Wall is an engineering marvel that attracts millions of visitors.

长城是一个工程奇迹,吸引了数百万游客。

It's a marvel that he managed to finish the project on time with such a small team.

他能用这么小的团队按时完成项目,真是个奇迹。

10. mores

讲解:社会风俗,道德观念。指一个社会或群体中关于对错、得体的根深蒂固的习俗和传统。

例句:

The book explores the clash between traditional mores and modern values.

这本书探讨了传统道德观念与现代价值观的冲突。

Understanding local mores is essential for doing business successfully abroad.

了解当地的社会风俗对于在海外成功经商至关重要。

11. economic woes

讲解:经济困境。

例句:

The country's economic woes have led to widespread unemployment and social unrest.

该国的经济困境已导致广泛的失业和社会动荡。

Many families are struggling with the economic woes caused by inflation.

许多家庭正在与通胀造成的经济困难作斗争。

12. tread carefully

讲解:小心行事,谨慎处理。

例句:

We need to tread carefully when discussing this sensitive topic with the client.

与客户讨论这个敏感话题时,我们需要谨慎行事。

After the scandal, the politician is treading carefully in all his public appearances.

丑闻之后,这位政治家在所有公开露面中都如履薄冰。

13. tie the knot with (someone)

讲解:与某人结婚。非常口语化的表达。

例句:

After dating for ten years, they finally decided to tie the knot.

恋爱十年后,他们终于决定喜结连理。

She's tying the knot with her childhood sweetheart next month.

下个月她将和她青梅竹马的恋人结婚。

14. wedlock

讲解:婚姻状态。较正式的法律或书面用语,常见于短语 born in/out of wedlock(婚内/非婚生)。

例句:

The child was born out of wedlock, but was loved and supported by both parents.

这个孩子是非婚生的,但得到了父母双方的爱与抚养。

In some cultures, children born in wedlock have more legal rights.

在某些文化中,婚内出生的孩子拥有更多的合法权利。

15. lamentation

讲解:哀悼,悲叹。正式用语,指表达悲伤、惋惜或失望的言语或行为。

例句:

There was widespread lamentation among fans when the legendary player announced his retirement.

当这位传奇球员宣布退役时,球迷中一片哀叹。

The poem is a lamentation for the loss of traditional ways of life.

这首诗是对传统生活方式消逝的哀悼。

写作指南

这篇文章蛮有意思,可以cover几个作文主题

比如:

是否认为金钱和物质是婚姻中最重要的组成部分?

社会的发展对家庭结构的影响是积极还是消极?

为什么在一些领域难以实现真正的性别平等?

你可以将我们之前讲解的词汇,直接用到作文中:

描述问题:

1. The post laid bare the uncomfortable reality of gender double standards in the marriage market.

2. Young people now tread carefully when considering marriage due to economic woes.

3. Many are choosing to avoid the financial pressures altogether, leading to a decline in couples willing to tie the knot.

分析原因:

1. Traditional mores emphasizing a man’s role as a provider persist, making an eligible bachelor with stable assets a total catch.

2. The expectation for grooms to own property is a real catch that traps many.

描述结果:

1. This trend contributes to low birth rates, as most children are born in wedlock.

2. Instead of celebration, this has caused widespread social lamentation.

假设雅思题目是:

“In many countries, marriage is becoming less popular and people are choosing to marry later in life or not at all. What are the causes of this trend? Is it a positive or negative development?”

你要怎么写呢?

reason:日益增长的经济压力。 在许多社会,尤其是受儒家文化影响的国家,男性仍被期望在婚前拥有房产,这已成为婚姻市场的“real catch”。

However,随着青年失业率高企不下和生活成本飙升,许多年轻人发现难以达到这些物质标准。因此,他们不得不 “tread carefully” ,甚至完全推迟或放弃结婚计划,正如中国结婚登记数据下降所显示的那样。

这不仅仅是个人选择,更是对经济现实的responses。

【END】

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文案: Jessica

编辑:Jessica

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000602s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=d_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000752s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000998s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.006020s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000654s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000743s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 465375 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000744s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1771162505 WHERE `id` = 465375 [ RunTime:0.005076s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000268s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465375 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000524s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 465375 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003548s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465375 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001621s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465375 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.012755s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465375 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003026s ]
0.125514s